Nutrition and daily life

Smell changes: simple ways to cope

During treatment the sense of smell can sharpen or change: food smells that were once pleasant can now bring on nausea. This section covers ways to reduce the effect of smells.

Last updated: ~1 min read
A cold dish lid lifted away from the face.
Figure 1.Lift lids away — Smell changes: simple ways to cope

01Short answer

Cold or room-temperature food gives off less smell. If possible let someone else cook while you stay in another room. Ventilate the kitchen, use the extractor fan and lift lids away from your face. Cut down for now on strong-smelling dishes (fried food, fish, cabbage). Keep away from perfume, cleaning products and smoke. Do not leave cooling food out for more than 2 hours.

02Simple explanation

Cold food smells less.

Let someone else cook.

Ventilate.

The 2-hour rule.

03Scientific explanation

Smell and taste work together; chemotherapy affects smell receptors too, and smell sensitivity can make nausea worse.

ESPEN: enough energy and protein matter for preventing weight and muscle loss in people with cancer, and nutritional status should be assessed regularly.

NCI: practical eating tips exist for treatment side effects such as nausea, taste changes and mouth sores.

04What happens in the body?

Where to eat

Away from the kitchen, somewhere cool and well aired.

Extractor fan and open door.
Figure 2.Ventilation — Smell changes: simple ways to cope

Cooking

Lidded pans, oven cooking and short cooking times.

A quiet corner away from the kitchen.
Figure 3.Eating in another room.

Dietitian

If you are losing weight, have no appetite or need a special diet, ask to see the hospital dietitian.

Food safety

Food-safety rules for neutropenia (see “Handwashing: the simplest protection” and “Eggs and dairy: safe choices”) apply at every stage.

05Nutrition: four steps

Assess, swap the risky, cook safely, eat regularly.

Assess — Weight and appetite.1AssessWeight and appetite.
Swap — A safe choice.2SwapA safe choice.
Cook — Hot throughout.3CookHot throughout.
Eat regularly — Small portions.4Eat regularlySmall portions.
StrengthEnergy.
ProteinFor muscle.
SafetyFood rules.

06Key points at a glance

TopicIn brief
Where to eatAway from the kitchen, somewhere cool and well aired.
CookingLidded pans, oven cooking and short cooking times.
DietitianIf you are losing weight, have no appetite or need a special diet, ask to see the hospital dietitian.
Food safetyFood-safety rules for neutropenia (see “Handwashing: the simplest protection” and “Eggs and dairy: safe choices”) apply at every stage.

07Key terms

Hyperosmia
Increased sensitivity to smell.
Parosmia
Distorted sense of smell.
Dietitian
A nutrition specialist.
Protein
A nutrient for repairing muscles and tissues.
Neutropenia
Low neutrophils.

08Key points

  • Cold foods.
  • Fresh air.
  • Fewer strong-smelling dishes.
  • A diet is not a treatment.
  • Talk to a dietitian.

09Frequently asked questions

How long does it last?

It usually eases after treatment ends.

What if it comes with nausea?

See the nausea section and tell your team.

Can a special diet cure leukemia?

No. Good nutrition helps you cope with treatment, but it does not cure.

10Questions for your doctor

Take these questions to your appointment. The ones you save are collected on the “My questions” page and stay on this device only.

  1. How long does it last?

  2. What if it comes with nausea?

  3. Can a special diet cure leukemia?

My questions

12Sources

  1. National Cancer Institute. Eating Hints: Before, During, and After Cancer Treatment
  2. ESPEN. ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical Nutrition in cancer (2021)
  3. Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Food and Nutrition
  4. World Health Organization. Healthy diet fact sheet
  5. NHS. Salt: the facts
  6. American Heart Association. Sodium and salt
  7. MedlinePlus. Sodium in diet
  8. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center — About Herbs. Turmeric
  9. Food Standards Agency (UK). Best before and use-by dates
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Botulism: Prevention
Medical disclaimerThis information is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical advice.
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