Nutrition and daily life

After treatment: eating for recovery

After treatment ends the body recovers: blood counts, muscle strength and appetite. This section explains how to change your eating in the months after treatment and when to return to raw food.

Last updated: ~1 min read
Salad, fish, wholegrain bread and fruit.
Figure 1.A recovery plate — After treatment: eating for recovery

01Short answer

After treatment the aim is to rebuild muscle strength and weight, then build healthy eating habits. Agree with your team when to return to raw food and salads; after a stem cell transplant this can take months. Base your eating on vegetables, fruit, whole grains, protein and enough fluid. Physical activity helps restore appetite and muscle. Talk to your doctor before starting new diets.

02Simple explanation

Rebuild muscle and weight.

Return to raw food with your team.

Whole grains, vegetables, protein.

Movement revives appetite.

03Scientific explanation

ESPEN: in recovery, enough protein together with physical activity helps preserve muscle mass.

ESPEN: enough energy and protein matter for preventing weight and muscle loss in people with cancer, and nutritional status should be assessed regularly.

NCI: practical eating tips exist for treatment side effects such as nausea, taste changes and mouth sores.

04What happens in the body?

Returning to raw food

Usually gradually after neutrophils recover; after a transplant the rules last longer.

A small salad beside a cooked dish.
Figure 2.A gradual return to raw food.

Long-term habits

Less salt and sugar, avoiding processed meat and keeping a healthy weight.

Walking shoes and a water bottle by the door.
Figure 3.Getting moving again.

Dietitian

If you are losing weight, have no appetite or need a special diet, ask to see the hospital dietitian.

Food safety

Food-safety rules for neutropenia (see “Handwashing: the simplest protection” and “Eggs and dairy: safe choices”) apply at every stage.

05Nutrition: four steps

Assess, swap the risky, cook safely, eat regularly.

Assess — Weight and appetite.1AssessWeight and appetite.
Swap — A safe choice.2SwapA safe choice.
Cook — Hot throughout.3CookHot throughout.
Eat regularly — Small portions.4Eat regularlySmall portions.
StrengthEnergy.
ProteinFor muscle.
SafetyFood rules.

06Key points at a glance

TopicIn brief
Returning to raw foodUsually gradually after neutrophils recover; after a transplant the rules last longer.
Long-term habitsLess salt and sugar, avoiding processed meat and keeping a healthy weight.
DietitianIf you are losing weight, have no appetite or need a special diet, ask to see the hospital dietitian.
Food safetyFood-safety rules for neutropenia (see “Handwashing: the simplest protection” and “Eggs and dairy: safe choices”) apply at every stage.

07Key terms

Recovery period
The time the body regains strength after treatment.
Whole grains
Grains with their outer layer (bulgur, brown rice).
Dietitian
A nutrition specialist.
Protein
A nutrient for repairing muscles and tissues.
Neutropenia
Low neutrophils.

08Key points

  • Protein for recovery.
  • Gradual return to raw food.
  • Physical activity.
  • A diet is not a treatment.
  • Talk to a dietitian.

09Frequently asked questions

When can I eat salad again?

Your team will say, based on your neutrophils and type of treatment.

Is weight gain normal?

It can happen after steroids; plan a gradual return to a healthy weight with your doctor.

Can a special diet cure leukemia?

No. Good nutrition helps you cope with treatment, but it does not cure.

10Questions for your doctor

Take these questions to your appointment. The ones you save are collected on the “My questions” page and stay on this device only.

  1. When can I eat salad again?

  2. Is weight gain normal?

  3. Can a special diet cure leukemia?

My questions

12Sources

  1. National Cancer Institute. Eating Hints: Before, During, and After Cancer Treatment
  2. ESPEN. ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical Nutrition in cancer (2021)
  3. Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Food and Nutrition
  4. World Health Organization. Healthy diet fact sheet
  5. ESMO Open, 2021. Arends J et al. Cancer cachexia in adult patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines
  6. American Cancer Society. Nutrition Once Treatment Starts
  7. NHS. Understanding calories
  8. British Dietetic Association. Malnutrition: Food Fact Sheet
  9. World Health Organization (WHO). Malnutrition — fact sheet
  10. Cancer Research UK. Diet problems and cancer
Medical disclaimerThis information is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical advice.
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